A rare case of Swyer’s syndrome

Swyer syndrome was first described by Jim Swyer in 1955. It is a form of “Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis”. The affected female has 46XY karyotype. A 17 year old unmarried girl came with complaints of primary amenorrhea, non development of breast. On examination she has normal built. Examination of secondary sexual characters revealed no breast development, pubic and axillary hairs were sparse. Female type of genitalia with vaginal opening. Serum FSH was 117.5 mIU/ml. Thyroid and Prolactin was in normal range. Karyotype showed genotype of 46XY. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed streak gonads, small uterus, and normal fallopian tubes. Diagnosis of Swyer syndrome was made. Patient was started on hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). In Swyer syndrome there is a mutation of SRY gene leads failure of development of testis. Mullerian duct development takes place by default. These patients can have normal sexual intercourse and can become pregnant by donor oocyte. They need to be on HRT. The risk of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma are very high in streak gonads so bilateral gonadectomy is advised

Hydrophobically-modified chitosan nanoliposomes for intestinal drug delivery

A novel chitosan derivative, O-palmitoyl chitosan (OPC) was synthesized from chitosan and palmitoyl chloride using methane-sulfonic acid as a solvent. The success of synthesis was confirmed by Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and proton NMR spectroscopy (H-NMR). Liposomes encapsulating ferrous sulphate as a model hydrophilic drug for intestinal delivery were prepared with or without OPC inclusion (Lipo-Fe and OPC-Lipo-Fe). Entrapment of iron was significantly higher in OPC containing liposomes compared to controls. Quantitative iron absorption from the OPC liposomes was significantly higher (1.5-fold P< 0.05) than free ferrous sulphate controls. Qualitative uptake analysis by confocal imaging using coumarin-6 dye loaded liposomes also indicated higher cellular uptake and internalization of the OPC-containing liposomes. These findings suggest that addition of OPC during liposome preparation creates robust vesicles that have improved mucoadhesive and absorption enhancing properties. The chitosan derivative OPC therefore provides a novel alternative for formulation of delivery vehicles targeting intestinal absorption

(Z)-2-(2-Isopropyl-5-methyl­phen­oxy)-N′-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl­idene)acetohydrazide

In the title Mannich base, C20H21N3O3, an isatin derivative of thymol, the O—CH2—C(=O)–N(H)—N fragment connect­ing the aromatic and fused-ring systems is approximately planar, with the N—N single bond in a Z configuration. The amino H atom of this N—N fragment is intra­molecularly hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl O atom of the indolinone fused ring as well as to the phen­oxy O atom of the aromatic ring. The amino H atom of the indoline fused ring forms a hydrogen bond with the double-bond O atom of an adjacent mol­ecule, this hydrogen bond giving rise to a linear chain motif

Coitus induced vaginal evisceration in a premenopausal woman: a case report

Vaginal evisceration in premenopausal women after trans-abdominal hysterectomy is extremely rare in occurrence and only few cases have been documented in worldwide literature. Here we report a premenopausal woman with coitus induced trans-vaginal evisceration who had undergone trans-abdominal hysterectomy two years ago

Centrosomal microtubule nucleation regulates radial migration of projection neurons independently of polarization in the developing brain

Cortical projection neurons polarize and form an axon while migrating radially. Even though these dynamic processes are closely interwoven, they are regulated separately-the neurons terminate their migration when reaching their destination, the cortical plate, but continue to grow their axons. Here, we show that in rodents, the centrosome distinguishes these processes. Newly developed molecular tools modulating centrosomal microtubule nucleation combined with in vivo imaging uncovered that dysregulation of centro-somal microtubule nucleation abrogated radial migration without affecting axon formation. Tightly regu-lated centrosomal microtubule nucleation was required for periodic formation of the cytoplasmic dilation at the leading process, which is essential for radial migration. The microtubule nucleating factor g-tubulin decreased at neuronal centrosomes during the migratory phase. As distinct microtubule networks drive neuronal polarization and radial migration, this provides insight into how neuronal migratory defects occur without largely affecting axonal tracts in human developmental cortical dysgeneses, caused by mutations in g-tubulin.ISSN:0896-6273ISSN:1097-419

Effects of IL-8 up-regulation on cell survival and osteoclastogenesis in multiple myeloma

[EN]IL-8 promotes cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis in several tumors. Herein, we investigated the sources of IL-8 production in multiple myeloma (MM) and its potential roles in MM pathogenesis. We found that bone marrow cells from patients with MM secreted higher amounts of IL-8 than healthy donors. IL-8 production was detected in cultures of CD138+ plasma cells and CD138(-) cells isolated from bone marrows of MM patients, and in three of seven human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) analyzed. Interactions between MM and stromal cells increased IL-8 secretion by stromal cells through cell-cell adhesion and soluble factors. Interestingly, 1L8 expression also increased in HMCLs, stromal cells, and osteoclasts after treatment with the antimyeloma drugs melphalan and bortezomib. In fact, the effect of bortezomib on IL-8 production was higher than that exerted by stromal-MM cell interactions. Addition of exogenous IL-8 did not affect growth of HMCLs, although it protected cells from death induced by serum starvation through a caspase-independent mechanism. Furthermore, IL-8 induced by stromal-MM cell interactions strongly contributed to osteoclast formation in vitro, because osteoclastogenesis was markedly reduced by IL-8 specific neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, our results implicate IL-8 in myeloma bone disease and point to the potential utility of an anti IL-8 therapy to prevent unwanted effects of IL-8 up-regulation on survival, angiogenesis, and osteolysis in MM.Spanish RTICC, Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC), the INNOCAMPUS Program , Spanish ISCIII-FIS (PI12/02591) and FEDER, Regional Council from Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación) and the Network of Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy from Castilla y León

Magnetoelectric Properties of Zinc-Substituted BiFeO3 Multiferroics

The magnetoelectric properties of ceramic samples of BiFe1–xZnxO3 and Bi1–xZnxFe1–xZnxO3 multiferroics have been studied in magnetic fields from 0 to 80 kOe at room temperature. All the samples have the linear dependences of magnetoelectric coefficient αME with low hump-like maxima of αME at 10 kHz and also at 85 kHz. These magnetoelectric studies of the bismuth ferrites with doubly substituted Zn show that the double substitution of Zn2+ ions for Bi3+ and Fe3+ ions does not lead to desired enhancement of the mag- netoelectric properties as compared with the ordinary substitution of Zn2+

Heat capacity of nanostructured multiferroics BiFe1–x Zn x O3

The heat capacity of ceramic BiFe1–x Zn x O3 multiferroics has been studied in the temperature range 150–750 K. It is found that the antiferromagnetic transition temperature T N slightly shifts to lower temperatures as the concentration of the substitutional impurity Zn increases. An excess heat treatment has been observed; it is considered as the Schottky anomaly in three-level states